24. Program Frameworks

The modules described in this chapter are frameworks that will largely dictate the structure of your program. Currently the modules described here are all oriented toward writing command-line interfaces.

The full list of modules described in this chapter is:

• 24.1. turtle — Turtle graphics
  • 24.1.1. Introduction
  • 24.1.2. Overview of available Turtle and Screen methods
    • 24.1.2.1. Turtle methods
    • 24.1.2.2. Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen
  • 24.1.3. Methods of RawTurtle/Turtle and corresponding functions
    • 24.1.3.1. Turtle motion
      • forward()
      • fd()
      • back()
      • bk()
      • backward()
      • right()
      • rt()
      • left()
      • lt()
      • goto()
      • setpos()
      • setposition()
      • setx()
      • sety()
      • setheading()
      • seth()
      • home()
      • circle()
      • dot()
      • stamp()
      • clearstamp()
      • clearstamps()
      • undo()
      • speed()
    • 24.1.3.2. Tell Turtle’s state
      • position()
      • pos()
      • towards()
      • xcor()
      • ycor()
      • heading()
      • distance()
    • 24.1.3.3. Settings for measurement
      • degrees()
      • radians()
    • 24.1.3.4. Pen control
      • 24.1.3.4.1. Drawing state
        • pendown()
        • pd()
        • down()
        • penup()
        • pu()
        • up()
        • pensize()
        • width()
        • pen()
        • isdown()
      • 24.1.3.4.2. Color control
        • pencolor()
        • fillcolor()
        • color()
      • 24.1.3.4.3. Filling
        • filling()
        • begin_fill()
        • end_fill()
      • 24.1.3.4.4. More drawing control
        • reset()
        • clear()
        • write()
    • 24.1.3.5. Turtle state
      • 24.1.3.5.1. Visibility
        • hideturtle()
        • ht()
        • showturtle()
        • st()
        • isvisible()
      • 24.1.3.5.2. Appearance
        • shape()
        • resizemode()
        • shapesize()
        • turtlesize()
        • shearfactor()
        • tilt()
        • settiltangle()
        • tiltangle()
        • shapetransform()
        • get_shapepoly()
    • 24.1.3.6. Using events
      • onclick()
      • onrelease()
      • ondrag()
    • 24.1.3.7. Special Turtle methods
      • begin_poly()
      • end_poly()
      • get_poly()
      • clone()
      • getturtle()
      • getpen()
      • getscreen()
      • setundobuffer()
      • undobufferentries()
    • 24.1.3.8. Compound shapes
  • 24.1.4. Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions
    • 24.1.4.1. Window control
      • bgcolor()
      • bgpic()
      • clear()
      • clearscreen()
      • reset()
      • resetscreen()
      • screensize()
      • setworldcoordinates()
    • 24.1.4.2. Animation control
      • delay()
      • tracer()
      • update()
    • 24.1.4.3. Using screen events
      • listen()
      • onkey()
      • onkeyrelease()
      • onkeypress()
      • onclick()
      • onscreenclick()
      • ontimer()
      • mainloop()
      • done()
    • 24.1.4.4. Input methods
      • textinput()
      • numinput()
    • 24.1.4.5. Settings and special methods
      • mode()
      • colormode()
      • getcanvas()
      • getshapes()
      • register_shape()
      • addshape()
      • turtles()
      • window_height()
      • window_width()
    • 24.1.4.6. Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen
      • bye()
      • exitonclick()
      • setup()
      • title()
  • 24.1.5. Public classes
    • RawTurtle
    • RawPen
    • Turtle
    • TurtleScreen
    • Screen
    • ScrolledCanvas
    • Shape
      • Shape.addcomponent()
    • Vec2D
  • 24.1.6. Help and configuration
    • 24.1.6.1. How to use help
    • 24.1.6.2. Translation of docstrings into different languages
      • write_docstringdict()
    • 24.1.6.3. How to configure Screen and Turtles
  • 24.1.7. turtledemo — Demo scripts
  • 24.1.8. Changes since Python 2.6
  • 24.1.9. Changes since Python 3.0
• 24.2. cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters
  • Cmd
  • 24.2.1. Cmd Objects
    • Cmd.cmdloop()
    • Cmd.onecmd()
    • Cmd.emptyline()
    • Cmd.default()
    • Cmd.completedefault()
    • Cmd.precmd()
    • Cmd.postcmd()
    • Cmd.preloop()
    • Cmd.postloop()
    • Cmd.prompt
    • Cmd.identchars
    • Cmd.lastcmd
    • Cmd.cmdqueue
    • Cmd.intro
    • Cmd.doc_header
    • Cmd.misc_header
    • Cmd.undoc_header
    • Cmd.ruler
    • Cmd.use_rawinput
  • 24.2.2. Cmd Example
• 24.3. shlex — Simple lexical analysis
  • split()
  • quote()
  • shlex
  • 24.3.1. shlex Objects
    • shlex.get_token()
    • shlex.push_token()
    • shlex.read_token()
    • shlex.sourcehook()
    • shlex.push_source()
    • shlex.pop_source()
    • shlex.error_leader()
    • shlex.commenters
    • shlex.wordchars
    • shlex.whitespace
    • shlex.escape
    • shlex.quotes
    • shlex.escapedquotes
    • shlex.whitespace_split
    • shlex.infile
    • shlex.instream
    • shlex.source
    • shlex.debug
    • shlex.lineno
    • shlex.token
    • shlex.eof
    • shlex.punctuation_chars
  • 24.3.2. Parsing Rules
  • 24.3.3. Improved Compatibility with Shells