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System Analysis and Tuning Guide
  1. About This Guide
  2. I Basics
    1. 1 General Notes on System Tuning
  3. II System Monitoring
    1. 2 System Monitoring Utilities
    2. 3 Analyzing and Managing System Log Files
  4. III Kernel Monitoring
    1. 4 SystemTap—Filtering and Analyzing System Data
    2. 5 Kernel Probes
    3. 6 OProfile—System-Wide Profiler
  5. IV Resource Management
    1. 7 General System Resource Management
    2. 8 Kernel Control Groups
    3. 9 Automatic Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Balancing
    4. 10 Power Management
  6. V Kernel Tuning
    1. 11 Tuning I/O Performance
    2. 12 Tuning the Task Scheduler
    3. 13 Tuning the Memory Management Subsystem
    4. 14 Tuning the Network
  7. VI Handling System Dumps
    1. 15 Tracing Tools
    2. 16 Kexec and Kdump
  8. A Documentation Updates
  9. B GNU Licenses
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SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

System Analysis and Tuning Guide

An administrator's guide for problem detection, resolution and optimization. Find how to inspect and optimize your system by means of monitoring tools and how to efficiently manage resources. Also contains an overview of common problems and solutions and of additional help and documentation resources.

Publication date: Sep 30 2014
About This Guide
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I Basics
1 General Notes on System Tuning
1.1 Be Sure What Problem to Solve
1.2 Rule Out Common Problems
1.3 Finding the Bottleneck
1.4 Step-by-step Tuning
II System Monitoring
2 System Monitoring Utilities
2.1 Multi-Purpose Tools
2.2 System Information
2.3 Processes
2.4 Memory
2.5 Networking
2.6 The /proc File System
2.7 Hardware Information
2.8 Files and File Systems
2.9 User Information
2.10 Time and Date
2.11 Graph Your Data: RRDtool
3 Analyzing and Managing System Log Files
3.1 System Log Files in /var/log/
3.2 Viewing and Parsing Log Files
3.3 Managing Log Files with logrotate
3.4 Monitoring Log Files with logwatch
3.5 Using logger to Make System Log Entries
III Kernel Monitoring
4 SystemTap—Filtering and Analyzing System Data
4.1 Conceptual Overview
4.2 Installation and Setup
4.3 Script Syntax
4.4 Example Script
4.5 User-Space Probing
4.6 For More Information
5 Kernel Probes
5.1 Supported Architectures
5.2 Types of Kernel Probes
5.3 Kprobes API
5.4 debugfs Interface
5.5 For More Information
6 OProfile—System-Wide Profiler
6.1 Conceptual Overview
6.2 Installation and Requirements
6.3 Available OProfile Utilities
6.4 Using OProfile
6.5 Using OProfile's GUI
6.6 Generating Reports
6.7 For More Information
IV Resource Management
7 General System Resource Management
7.1 Planning the Installation
7.2 Disabling Unnecessary Services
7.3 File Systems and Disk Access
8 Kernel Control Groups
8.1 Technical Overview and Definitions
8.2 Scenario
8.3 Control Group Subsystems
8.4 Using Controller Groups
8.5 For More Information
9 Automatic Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Balancing
9.1 Implementation
9.2 Configuration
9.3 Monitoring
9.4 Impact
10 Power Management
10.1 Power Management at CPU Level
10.2 The Linux Kernel CPUfreq Infrastructure
10.3 Viewing, Monitoring and Tuning Power-related Settings
10.4 Special Tuning Options
10.5 Creating and Using Power Management Profiles
10.6 Troubleshooting
10.7 For More Information
V Kernel Tuning
11 Tuning I/O Performance
11.1 Switching I/O Scheduling
11.2 Available I/O Elevators
11.3 I/O Barrier Tuning
12 Tuning the Task Scheduler
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Process Classification
12.3 Completely Fair Scheduler
12.4 For More Information
13 Tuning the Memory Management Subsystem
13.1 Memory Usage
13.2 Reducing Memory Usage
13.3 Virtual Memory Manager (VM) Tunable Parameters
13.4 Monitoring VM Behavior
14 Tuning the Network
14.1 Configurable Kernel Socket Buffers
14.2 Detecting Network Bottlenecks and Analyzing Network Traffic
14.3 Netfilter
14.4 For More Information
VI Handling System Dumps
15 Tracing Tools
15.1 Tracing System Calls with strace
15.2 Tracing Library Calls with ltrace
15.3 Debugging and Profiling with Valgrind
15.4 For More Information
16 Kexec and Kdump
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Required Packages
16.3 Kexec Internals
16.4 Basic Kexec Usage
16.5 How to Configure Kexec for Routine Reboots
16.6 Basic Kdump Configuration
16.7 Analyzing the Crash Dump
16.8 Advanced Kdump Configuration
16.9 For More Information
A Documentation Updates
A.1 October 2014 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12)
B GNU Licenses
B.1 GNU Free Documentation License
List of Figures
2.1 Example Graph Created with RRDtool
6.1 GUI for OProfile
8.1 Resource Planning
16.1 YaST Kdump Module: Start-Up Page
List of Tables
2.1 List of Query Options of ethtool
10.1 C-States
16.1 Recommended Values for Additional Kernel Command Line Parameters
List of Examples
2.1 vmstat Output on a Lightly Used Machine
2.2 vmstat Output on a Heavily Used Machine (CPU bound)
3.1 Example for /etc/logrotate.conf
4.1 Simple SystemTap Script
4.2 Probe with Timer Event
4.3 printf Function with Format Specifiers
4.4 Using Global Variables
4.5 Monitoring Incoming TCP Connections with tcp_connections.stp
10.1 Example Output of cpufreq-info
10.2 Example Output of cpupower frequency-info
10.3 Example Output of cpupower idle-info
10.4 Example cpupower monitor Output
10.5 Example powerTOP Output

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