SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Documentation › Administration Guide
ContentsContents
Administration Guide
  1. About This Guide
  2. I Support and Common Tasks
    1. 1 YaST Online Update
    2. 2 Gathering System Information for Support
    3. 3 YaST in Text Mode
    4. 4 System Recovery and Snapshot Management with Snapper
    5. 5 Remote Access with VNC
    6. 6 Managing Software with Command Line Tools
    7. 7 Bash and Bash Scripts
  3. II System
    1. 8 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment
    2. 9 Booting a Linux System
    3. 10 The systemd Daemon
    4. 11 journalctl: Query the systemd Journal
    5. 12 The Boot Loader GRUB 2
    6. 13 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
    7. 14 Special System Features
    8. 15 Printer Operation
    9. 16 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev
    10. 17 The X Window System
    11. 18 Accessing File Systems with FUSE
  4. III Services
    1. 19 Basic Networking
    2. 20 SLP
    3. 21 Time Synchronization with NTP
    4. 22 The Domain Name System
    5. 23 DHCP
    6. 24 Using NetworkManager
    7. 25 Samba
    8. 26 Sharing File Systems with NFS
    9. 27 On-Demand Mounting with Autofs
    10. 28 File Synchronization
    11. 29 The Apache HTTP Server
    12. 30 Setting up an FTP Server with YaST
    13. 31 The Proxy Server Squid
    14. 32 Web Based Enterprise Management Using SFCB
  5. IV Mobile Computers
    1. 33 Mobile Computing with Linux
    2. 34 Power Management
  6. V Troubleshooting
    1. 35 Help and Documentation
    2. 36 Common Problems and Their Solutions
  7. A Documentation Updates
  8. B An Example Network
  9. C GNU Licenses
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SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

Administration Guide

Covers system administration tasks like maintaining, monitoring and customizing an initially installed system.

Publication date: Feb 19 2015
About This Guide
Available Documentation
Feedback
Documentation Conventions
I Support and Common Tasks
1 YaST Online Update
1.1 The Online Update Dialog
1.2 Installing Patches
1.3 Automatic Online Update
2 Gathering System Information for Support
2.1 Displaying Current System Information
2.2 Collecting System Information with Supportconfig
2.3 Submitting Information to Global Technical Support
2.4 Analyzing System Information
2.5 Support of Kernel Modules
2.6 For More Information
3 YaST in Text Mode
3.1 Navigation in Modules
3.2 Restriction of Key Combinations
3.3 YaST Command Line Options
4 System Recovery and Snapshot Management with Snapper
4.1 Default Setup
4.2 Using Snapper to Undo Changes
4.3 System Rollback by Booting from Snapshots
4.4 Creating and Modifying Snapper Configurations
4.5 Manually Creating and Managing Snapshots
4.6 Frequently Asked Questions
5 Remote Access with VNC
5.1 One-time VNC Sessions
5.2 Persistent VNC Sessions
6 Managing Software with Command Line Tools
6.1 Using Zypper
6.2 RPM—the Package Manager
7 Bash and Bash Scripts
7.1 What is “The Shell”?
7.2 Writing Shell Scripts
7.3 Redirecting Command Events
7.4 Using Aliases
7.5 Using Variables in Bash
7.6 Grouping And Combining Commands
7.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs
7.8 For More Information
II System
8 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment
8.1 Runtime Support
8.2 Software Development
8.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms
8.4 Kernel Specifications
9 Booting a Linux System
9.1 The Linux Boot Process
9.2 initramfs
9.3 init on initramfs
10 The systemd Daemon
10.1 The systemd Concept
10.2 Basic Usage
10.3 System Start and Target Management
10.4 Managing Services with YaST
10.5 Customization of systemd
10.6 Advanced Usage
10.7 More information
11 journalctl: Query the systemd Journal
11.1 Making the Journal Persistent
11.2 journalctl Useful Switches
11.3 Filtering the Journal Output
11.4 Investigating systemd Errors
11.5 Journald Configuration
12 The Boot Loader GRUB 2
12.1 Main Differences between GRUB Legacy and GRUB 2
12.2 Configuration File Structure
12.3 Configuring the Boot Loader with YaST
12.4 Differences in Terminal Usage on System z
12.5 Helpful GRUB 2 Commands
12.6 More Information
13 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
13.1 Secure Boot
13.2 For More Information
14 Special System Features
14.1 Information about Special Software Packages
14.2 Virtual Consoles
14.3 Keyboard Mapping
14.4 Language and Country-Specific Settings
15 Printer Operation
15.1 The CUPS Workflow
15.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers
15.3 Installing the Software
15.4 Network Printers
15.5 Configuring CUPS with Command Line Tools
15.6 Printing from the Command Line
15.7 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
15.8 Troubleshooting
16 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev
16.1 The /dev Directory
16.2 Kernel uevents and udev
16.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices
16.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup
16.5 Monitoring the Running udev Daemon
16.6 Influencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules
16.7 Persistent Device Naming
16.8 Files used by udev
16.9 For More Information
17 The X Window System
17.1 Installing and Configuring Fonts
17.2 For More Information
18 Accessing File Systems with FUSE
18.1 Configuring FUSE
18.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition
18.3 For More Information
III Services
19 Basic Networking
19.1 IP Addresses and Routing
19.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet
19.3 Name Resolution
19.4 Configuring a Network Connection with YaST
19.5 Configuring a Network Connection Manually
19.6 Setting Up Bonding Devices
20 SLP
20.1 The SLP Front-End slptool
20.2 Providing Services via SLP
20.3 For More Information
21 Time Synchronization with NTP
21.1 Configuring an NTP Client with YaST
21.2 Manually Configuring NTP in the Network
21.3 Dynamic Time Synchronization at Runtime
21.4 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock
21.5 Clock Synchronization to an External Time Reference (ETR)
22 The Domain Name System
22.1 DNS Terminology
22.2 Installation
22.3 Configuration with YaST
22.4 Starting the BIND Name Server
22.5 The /etc/named.conf Configuration File
22.6 Zone Files
22.7 Dynamic Update of Zone Data
22.8 Secure Transactions
22.9 DNS Security
22.10 For More Information
23 DHCP
23.1 Configuring a DHCP Server with YaST
23.2 DHCP Software Packages
23.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd
23.4 For More Information
24 Using NetworkManager
24.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager
24.2 Enabling or Disabling NetworkManager
24.3 Configuring Network Connections
24.4 NetworkManager and Security
24.5 Frequently Asked Questions
24.6 Troubleshooting
24.7 For More Information
25 Samba
25.1 Terminology
25.2 Installing a Samba Server
25.3 Starting and Stopping Samba
25.4 Configuring a Samba Server
25.5 Configuring Clients
25.6 Samba as Login Server
25.7 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory
25.8 Advanced Topics
25.9 For More Information
26 Sharing File Systems with NFS
26.1 Terminology
26.2 Installing NFS Server
26.3 Configuring NFS Server
26.4 Configuring Clients
26.5 For More Information
27 On-Demand Mounting with Autofs
27.1 Installation
27.2 Configuration
27.3 Operation and Debugging
27.4 Auto-Mounting an NFS Share
27.5 Advanced Topics
28 File Synchronization
28.1 Available Data Synchronization Software
28.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program
28.3 Introduction to CVS
28.4 Introduction to rsync
28.5 For More Information
29 The Apache HTTP Server
29.1 Quick Start
29.2 Configuring Apache
29.3 Starting and Stopping Apache
29.4 Installing, Activating, and Configuring Modules
29.5 Getting CGI Scripts to Work
29.6 Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL
29.7 Avoiding Security Problems
29.8 Troubleshooting
29.9 For More Information
30 Setting up an FTP Server with YaST
30.1 Starting the FTP Server
30.2 FTP General Settings
30.3 FTP Performance Settings
30.4 Authentication
30.5 Expert Settings
30.6 For More Information
31 The Proxy Server Squid
31.1 Some Facts about Proxy Caches
31.2 System Requirements
31.3 Starting Squid
31.4 The /etc/squid/squid.conf Configuration File
31.5 Configuring a Transparent Proxy
31.6 cachemgr.cgi
31.7 squidGuard
31.8 Cache Report Generation with Calamaris
31.9 For More Information
32 Web Based Enterprise Management Using SFCB
32.1 Introduction and Basic Concept
32.2 Setting up SFCB
32.3 SFCB CIMOM Configuration
32.4 Advanced SFCB Tasks
32.5 For More Information
IV Mobile Computers
33 Mobile Computing with Linux
33.1 Laptops
33.2 Mobile Hardware
33.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs
33.4 For More Information
34 Power Management
34.1 Power Saving Functions
34.2 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
34.3 Rest for the Hard Disk
34.4 Troubleshooting
34.5 For More Information
V Troubleshooting
35 Help and Documentation
35.1 Documentation Directory
35.2 Man Pages
35.3 Info Pages
35.4 Online Resources
36 Common Problems and Their Solutions
36.1 Finding and Gathering Information
36.2 Installation Problems
36.3 Boot Problems
36.4 Login Problems
36.5 Network Problems
36.6 Data Problems
36.7 IBM System z: Using initrd as a Rescue System
A Documentation Updates
A.1 February 2015 (Documentation Maintenance Update)
A.2 October 2014 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12)
B An Example Network
C GNU Licenses
C.1 GNU Free Documentation License
List of Figures
1.1 YaST Online Update
2.1 HTML Report Generated by SCA Tool
2.2 HTML Report Generated by SCA Appliance
3.1 Main Window of YaST in Text Mode
3.2 The Software Installation Module
10.1 Services Manager
12.1 GRUB 2 Boot Editor
12.2 Kernel Parameters
12.3 Boot loader Options
12.4 Kernel Parameters
12.5 Kernel Parameters
13.1 UEFI: Secure Boot Process
19.1 Simplified Layer Model for TCP/IP
19.2 TCP/IP Ethernet Packet
19.3 Configuring Network Settings
21.1 YaST: NTP Server
21.2 Advanced NTP Configuration: Security Settings
22.1 DNS Server Installation: Forwarder Settings
22.2 DNS Server Installation: DNS Zones
22.3 DNS Server Installation: Finish Wizard
22.4 DNS Server: Logging
22.5 DNS Server: Zone Editor (Basics)
22.6 DNS Server: Zone Editor (NS Records)
22.7 DNS Server: Zone Editor (MX Records)
22.8 DNS Server: Zone Editor (SOA)
23.1 DHCP Server: Card Selection
23.2 DHCP Server: Global Settings
23.3 DHCP Server: Dynamic DHCP
23.4 DHCP Server: Start-Up
23.5 DHCP Server: Host Management
23.6 DHCP Server: Chroot Jail and Declarations
23.7 DHCP Server: Selecting a Declaration Type
23.8 DHCP Server: Configuring Subnets
23.9 DHCP Server: TSIG Configuration
23.10 DHCP Server: Interface Configuration for Dynamic DNS
23.11 DHCP Server: Network Interface and Firewall
24.1 GNOME Network Connections Dialog
25.1 Determining Windows Domain Membership
25.2 Windows Explorer Advanced Attributes Dialog
25.3 Windows Explorer Directory Listing with Compressed Files
25.4 Adding a New Samba Share with Snapshotting Enabled
25.5 The Previous Versions tab in Windows Explorer
26.1 NFS Server Configuration Tool
29.1 HTTP Server Wizard: Default Host
29.2 HTTP Server Wizard: Summary
29.3 HTTP Server Configuration: Listen Ports and Addresses
29.4 HTTP Server Configuration: Server Modules
30.1 FTP Server Configuration — Start-Up
32.1 Package Selection for Web-Based Enterprise Management Pattern
32.2 Package selection of additional CIM providers
33.1 Integrating a Mobile Computer in an Existing Environment
36.1 Checking Media
36.2 US Keyboard Layout
List of Tables
6.1 The Most Important RPM Query Options
6.2 RPM Verify Options
7.1 Bash Configuration Files for Login Shells
7.2 Bash Configuration Files for Non-Login Shells
7.3 Special Files for Bash
7.4 Overview of a Standard Directory Tree
7.5 Useful Environment Variables
10.1 Service Management Commands
10.2 Commands for Enabling and Disabling Services
10.3 System V Runlevels and systemd Target Units
14.1 ulimit: Setting Resources for the User
17.1 Generating PFL from Fontconfig rules
17.2 Results from Generating PFL from Fontconfig Rules with Changed Order
17.3 Results from Generating PFL from Fontconfig Rules
19.1 Private IP Address Domains
19.2 Parameters for /etc/host.conf
19.3 Databases Available via /etc/nsswitch.conf
19.4 Configuration Options for NSS “Databases”
28.1 Features of the File Synchronization Tools: -- = very poor, - = poor or not available, o = medium, + = good, ++ = excellent, x = available
32.1 Commands for Managing sfcbd
33.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager
33.2 Overview of Various Wi-Fi Standards
35.1 Man Pages—Categories and Descriptions
36.1 Log Files
36.2 System Information With the /proc File System
36.3 System Information With the /sys File System
List of Examples
2.1 Output of hostinfo When Logging In as root
4.1 Example timeline configuration
6.1 Zypper—List of Known Repositories
6.2 rpm -q -i wget
6.3 Script to Search for Packages
7.1 A Shell Script Printing a Text
10.1 List Active Services
10.2 List Failed Services
10.3 List all Processes Belonging to a Service
12.1 Usage of grub2-mkconfig
12.2 Usage of grub2-mkrescue
12.3 Usage of grub2-script-check
12.4 Usage of grub2-once
14.1 Entry in /etc/crontab
14.2 /etc/crontab: Remove Time Stamp Files
14.3 Example for /etc/logrotate.conf
14.4 ulimit: Settings in ~/.bashrc
15.1 Error Message from lpd
15.2 Broadcast from the CUPS Network Server
16.1 Example udev Rules
17.1 Specifying Rendering Algorithms
17.2 Aliases and Family Name Substitutions
17.3 Aliases and Family Name Substitutions
17.4 Aliases and Family Names Substitutions
19.1 Writing IP Addresses
19.2 Linking IP Addresses to the Netmask
19.3 Sample IPv6 Address
19.4 IPv6 Address Specifying the Prefix Length
19.5 Common Network Interfaces and Some Static Routes
19.6 /etc/resolv.conf
19.7 /etc/hosts
19.8 /etc/networks
19.9 /etc/host.conf
19.10 /etc/nsswitch.conf
19.11 Output of the Command ping
22.1 Forwarding Options in named.conf
22.2 A Basic /etc/named.conf
22.3 Entry to Disable Logging
22.4 Zone Entry for example.com
22.5 Zone Entry for example.net
22.6 The /var/lib/named/example.com.zone File
22.7 Reverse Lookup
23.1 The Configuration File /etc/dhcpd.conf
23.2 Additions to the Configuration File
25.1 A CD-ROM Share
25.2 [homes] Share
25.3 Global Section in smb.conf
25.4 Using rpcclient to Request a Windows Server 2012 Share Snapshot
29.1 Basic Examples of Name-Based VirtualHost Entries
29.2 Name-Based VirtualHost Directives
29.3 IP-Based VirtualHost Directives
29.4 Basic VirtualHost Configuration
29.5 VirtualHost CGI Configuration
31.1 Firewall Configuration: Option 15
31.2 Access Rules
31.3 Access Rules

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